We humans have the unique ability to reshape the world around us through stories. The stories that our family and society tell us about our origins, other people and our place in the world provide a framework that we use to process and interpret our experiences. Unfortunately, these stories can be harmful and disempower us, making us feel insignificant, worthless and unable to even trust ourselves. However, if we are able to take control of the stories we are told and the stories we tell ourselves, they can become powerful tools that enable us to build a better future for ourselves and those around us.
Humans have a remarkable ability to recognise patterns, to recognise regularities and to draw conclusions from them. The stories we make up about ourselves, about others, about the past and about the future show that pattern recognition is an essential part of our conscious experience. Our ability to recognise patterns enables us to understand the world around us and predict what might happen in the future. It also enables us to understand our own lives and the lives of those around us. By paying attention to the stories we tell ourselves, each other and modern life, we can become more mindful and live in the present moment.
Our past experiences form the basis of our identity, and this identity is constantly changing and evolving as we gain more knowledge and understanding of the world around us. Each of us carries a unique mantle of beliefs and memories that we use to interpret the world around us. As our stories evolve, so do our perceptions, realities and identities.
Since the Axial Age, many scholars have reflected on the mysterious relationship between words and reality, reminding us again and again that we often forget that the word is not the world. The Indian grammarian Pini wrote the Astadhayayi, the first systematic work on grammar and language, to decipher the logical rules that shape language. This was a defining moment in human history, for he showed that human language is not a divinely ordained code, but rather an organic result of evolution. Pini and other ancient grammarians brought in a new level of perspective and awareness and made us aware of the power of words. Language is a powerful tool that enables us to interpret and make sense of our world.
When we understand how we construct stories from words, we can begin to realise our place in the universe. The great grammarian Dionysius Thrax of Alexandria made a startling discovery about human language: depending on its role in a sentence, a word changes shape. In fact, the rules of language change from one moment to the next – not only over time, but also within the same context. Thus, language is a sensitive indicator of the time and place in which we live. In modern times, Ludwig Wittgenstein, in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, put forward the idea that ‘the limits of my language mean the limits of my world’, suggesting that what we can see depends on the metaphors, analogies, and explanations available to us.
We have the power to change our world through the stories we tell ourselves. Language gives us the ability to explain and comprehend reality by creating symbols to represent what is and reshape it according to our imagination. Wittgenstein’s realisation that language is different from thought has immense consequences. Our minds are filled with a cacophony of sensory impressions, but when we try to translate them into language, this chaotic brew is tamed into linear narratives. No wonder, then, that we sometimes find it difficult to express our feelings, even when we have experienced something extraordinary or terrible. But if we want to bring it into the human world, we first have to put the experience into words, and that can take time. Ultimately, language is a tool with remarkable strengths, but also with inherent limitations.
No two languages are alike – each is a unique window into a particular worldview, with its own concepts, vocabulary and ways of categorising the world. Through Saussure and structuralism, we began to understand that language is not just a collection of symbols, but a complicated system of abstract rules. Even though we believe our words are set in stone, the structure of language allows its meaning to change over time. The paradox raised by Saussure is that we can continue to communicate when language is constantly in flux. We all participate in this process, but our individual contributions are different – language is a collective story, and each of us is a character in that narrative. This means that every day we are all involved in a collective project to develop and refine our language. Through language we can understand how to reshape reality and even create new realities. So we should ensure that our own contributions to this ongoing story are meaningful and constructive – because the true power of language lies not only in its ability to shape reality, but also in its potential to change it.
Although language plays an essential role in our lives and thought processes, it does not tell us the whole story. Meanings are quite ephemeral, constantly changing and rarely unambiguous. This is because meaning is a constantly evolving process that requires attentive and skilful use to function properly. Words are indeed powerful transmitters of meaning, but they are not the only ones. Images, symbols and icons are also carriers of meaning, often crossing cultural boundaries and providing a common language of understanding. They serve as a link between language and something else, which means they can help bridge the gap between cultures that do not share a common language.
Everything in the world is a story – and we are the authors. It is our duty and desire to understand ourselves and the world as deeply as possible. Stories shape our reality, but they do not directly reflect reality. Ideas, beliefs, stories and knowledge reflect our constructed reality; they are built on a foundation of truth that we all possess. We have the power to question our stories, to recognise their illusory nature and lack of substance. Our inner wisdom gives us the power to build a solid, true and authentic reality by understanding the wisdom of not knowing. We construct our own story about who we are and how we experience the world – and only through purposeful introspection can we manifest this reality. This is the ultimate goal of language, to communicate our unique story to the world.
In The Path of Mindful Living: A 21-Day Mindfulness Companion, I lead you through a series of self-guided mindfulness exercises and show you how to bring mindfulness into your daily life. Readers of my blog can download the workbook and pullout charts for only £6.
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